Divisions in the West
While we see many similarities between the EU and the United States, there are also many differences. As with America, the EU encourages private enterprise-up to a point. The role of the government in each member nation is greater than in the United States, theoretically ensuring a more equitable division of wealth.
One division increasingly apparent is in the area of faith. Americans in general are much more religious than Europeans, with faith influencing U.S. politics in a way that has not been seen in Europe for centuries. One commentator interviewed on BBC radio thought that the strong religious beliefs of both President Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair were a factor in their alienation from other Western nations.
Historical experience and perspective are also different on the two sides of the Atlantic.
Europeans are surrounded by history, with castles and cathedrals that are sometimes more than 1,000 years old. Awareness of history is generally much more widespread than in the United States.
Americans tend not to look back. Europeans, however, are continually looking back, trying to learn from the past before moving forward. With so many wars in their collective history, the nations of Europe are determined to unite their continent in such a way that never again will there be a repeat of the two devastating world wars of the last century.
Conscious of the past, they are also determined that no other nation will bring about a cataclysm to rival those former conflicts. Thus, opposition to war in general is greater in Europe than in the United States.
Remembering the two world wars of the 20th century, and a Cold War in which the Soviet Union threatened to gobble up Europe, Americans tend to see themselves as the saviors of Europe and cannot understand the seeming ingratitude of today's Europeans.
The perspective in Europe is somewhat different. The French perception, for example, is that America betrayed them twice in the 1950s, in consequence bringing about the collapse of the Fourth Republic in 1958.
Both betrayals were during the Eisenhower administration. The first, in 1954, was the failure of the United States to come through with requested military aid at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, which resulted in a French defeat and the loss of Indochina. The United States, of course, also paid a penalty for this decision, as the Vietnam War was the consequence of French withdrawal.
Two years later, American pressure forced Britain and France to withdraw from Suez after a combined military force had recaptured the Suez Canal, seized by Egypt. This, in turn, led to the French losing Algeria, the home of more than one million French nationals.
The British learned from this that they amounted to little without American support, and thus have been firm supporters of the United States in subsequent decades. The French reached a different conclusion —that they couldn't trust America (it can, of course, be said that Americans have learned the same about France). This attitude is still a complication for U.S. foreign policy, with France wielding veto power on the UN Security Council.