Hookah and SheeshaA hookah is an Arabic water pipe. It is also known as a shisha (or sheesha - the name is derived from the namesake tobacco it uses), kalian, or hubble-bubble, or argileh. It is a traditional Arabic device for smoking hashish, marijuana, and later tobacco, or indeed any other smokeable substance, operating on the principle of a water pipe.
Substances used for smoking must not be completely dry - an example of commonly used substance is a mixture of shisha tobacco with semi-dried fruit. (Shisha tobacco comes in various flavours, and usually tastes like fruit, because the tobacco leaves are mixed with dried fruit extracts. Flavours include apple, strawberries and mint.)
Instead of being ignited, the substance is heated to a very high temperature - traditionally with the help of an ember. When the user inhales, the substance fumes, but doesn't burn. The water pipe produces smoke from a small lump, placed on a small grid on top of the pipe and covered by a piece of aluminium foil, on top of which burning matter is placed. The smoke then goes down into a pipe and passes through a glass or crystal bottle at the bottom of the shisha. This bottle is filled with water, or diluted wine, and is used to refine and cool down the smoke. Sometimes a type of syrup (or serum) is mixed in, to give it an added flavour. The water also removes much of the tar and nicotine coming from tobacco. The smoker inhales the smoke that has passed through the bottle through a long hose with a mouth piece.
Hookah are traditionally decorated. They have a very distinctive appearance, and bear similarities to the American Indian pipe of peace.
Compared to a cigarette, shisha is much smoother and more flavorful. Shisha smoking is generally considered less damaging to the health than cigarettes, particular when the smoker does not inhale the smoke into the lungs. However there is a misconception that there are no health risks associated with shisha smoking.